The Federal Republic of Nigeria, SC, Policy Statement

Good evening most honorable Chair and fellow esteemed delegates. Welcome to the 2011 Model United Nations conference. We implore that this Security Council may unite together to address the pressing issues at hand. Illegal Pan-American arms trafficking, Nuclear non-proliferation, uranium mining and energy regulation, and terrorism are of great importance, which we must reach lasting peaceful solutions, and trust in this Security Council to do so.

Illegal Pan-American arms trafficking is an issue that is no doubt important to the region. Nigeria feels that this is not a serious global issue due to the fact that the threat of arms from the region does not pose an imminent threat to the safety of those not currently involved in the conflict. The processes taken by those in the region to reduce the trade of such arms such as proactive police enforcement and investigations into the origins of the weapons has been sufficient in reducing the overall flow of weapons into the black market. We urge this Security Council to take little action to regulate the conflicted nations against actions in identifying the sources and the enforcement taken by the countries’ forces.

Regarding the topic of nuclear non-proliferation, uranium mining and nuclear energy; the Federal Republic of Nigeria disregards the notion that obtaining nuclear weapons is a crime for any country. In addition they should not be regulated nor monitored. On nuclear energy Nigeria supports deregulation on the trading and mining of Uranium and its uses in energy harvesting. The United Nations should respect and support decisions of individual nations.

Terrorism is a pertinent issue globally, be it in international waters, or within the borders of a conflicted region. Nigeria proposes the definition of Terrorism as follows; “The use of violence and intimidation towards civilians in pursuit of political or religious aims by rebels of a body other than that of a recognized sovereign nation.” Actions must be taken to curb the ever-persistent terror organizations as well as lone terrorists. We urge the United Nations to enact a global intelligence network with the purposes to identify threats that pose danger to the stability and safety of a nation, as well as provide a system that would allow aid in an attempt to suppress a terrorist attack.

The Federal Republic of Nigeria would like to thank all delegations and the chair for their cooperation and time, and would also like to reiterate our hopes to come to peaceful solutions for the topics on the docket.

The Republic of Congo, GA Policy Statement

Bonne soirée les autres délégués, good evening madam/sir chair, fellow delegates. The Republic of Congo feels that although not all topics are pertinent to our delegation, all of the issues presented do in some way affect the world as a whole. We would like to thank the entire assembly in advance for its efforts in peacekeeping. We also like to thank you all for giving us your attention.

Due to the fact that the global economy, ours included, is grossly affected by the European debt crisis, we support the notion of providing the European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF) with a banking license that would enable it to use its assets as collateral to borrow even more money from the European Central Bank. We would find it suitable to enlarge the EFSF in order to stabilize the euro and provide loans to ailing euro-zone countries.

Guidelines for post-revolutionary nation stabilization hugely affect our country. The reason being is our country has recently resolved a civil war but still struggles to recover from its damages. We urge the United Nations to enact missions to provide aid to nations recently affected by revolutions. The extent of these missions would be up to the discretion of each country, keeping in mind that each country is unique and holds its own needs and values. Seeing as we are in this state of nation, it would be best to help countries in a similar situation by providing aid in healthcare, agriculture, and technology. The United Nations should not intervene in the political affairs of these countries.

A definition of private military firms in our country would be a group of mercenaries hired under private contracts administered through the government to complete a defined task in return for some sort of personal gain. Appropriate engagement for these firms would be limited to their defined tasks as stated in their contracts by governmental forces. These tasks may include, but are not limited to, training local citizens for military purposes, tactical support, or military engagement. The Republic of the Congo feels that the United Nations should not impose regulations upon private military contractors established by governments, as this is an issue to be regulated internally. However, the UN should intervene if an opposing military firm threatens the overall well being of a nation who requests assistance.

We have concluded that the definition of terrorism in our country is as follows: the use of violence and intimidation in the pursuit of political aims. The UN should allow stable nations to respond in the ways that the injured party sees fit, and to only intervene if expressly asked to do so by that nation. This being said, we advise all countries to handle acts of terrorism accordingly and to the highest extent as pertaining to the severity of the specific act.

The Republic of the Congo would like to once again thank you all for allowing us to present our views on these very important topics. We hope for a successful meeting of the General Assembly in which all countries may reach a consensus that will benefit the world as a whole.

The Federal Republic of Nigeria, GA, Policy Statement

Ee-bow-lah-chee! Good Evening! Welcome fellow delegates and sir chair to the 2011 Model UN Conference. We hope to come to distinguished resolutions on the four topics on the docket. We aspire that all delegates attending the conference will have a chance to speak in front of the General Assembly as well as Security Council. While debate can raise tensions amongst we wish for peaceful agreements.

Regarding the economic growth and stabilization of the European Union, Nigeria does not advise to any extreme decisions regarding the entire United Nations. The European Union should retain sovereignty in their endeavor to repair their frail economic condition. Prior government’s downfalls have not been aided by the United Nations due to each country being so unique in their economic situations. If the United Nations chooses to intervene it would be up to the discretion of the economic and social council. Their responsibilities do include identifying solutions to international economic, social and health problems.

Currently Nigeria is housing refugees from the Ivory Coast, after the bombing due to their civil war. While we support these refugees we suggest the action the UN would take in spite of revolutionized government is to make sure the new government is stable. It should not be one country’s responsibility to stabilize a revolutionized government. The UN will need to create a collaborative committee consisting of volunteer nations, especially those who have gone through a revolution recently. The UN would provide funding to these governments through their stabilization period; afterwards it would be the responsibility of the nation to repay the UN. We hope fellow delegates can help us expand on this idea for the committee.

As to the definition of private military firms Nigeria offers the definition “an army that is not authorized by the government and that is hired by private contractors.” In regards of appropriate engagement in conflicts with private military firms, the UN personally uses them, as stated by Mordu Serry-Kamal in March of 2010. ”The united nations made the decision to embrace military contractors for the fact that they provide proper protection for their staff who operate in violent areas of the world such as: Iraq, Somalia, Afghanistan, and Pakistan.” The United Nations is not the only organization/country that uses private military firms for protection. For example, oil companies in Nigeria use private military firms for the protection of our citizens from the repercussions of contamination associated with oil spills. Private military firms are necessary in order to perform the protective duties that the government military cannot provide. Therefore, the UN should not limit the use of private military firms.

Terrorism is a pertinent issue globally, be it in international waters, or within the borders of a conflicted region. Nigeria poses the definition of Terrorism as fallows. “The use of violence and intimidation civilians in pursuit of political, or religious aims by rebels of a body other than that of a recognized sovereign nation. Actions must be taken to curb the ever-persistent terror organizations as well as solo terrorists. The United Nations should enact a global intelligence network with the purposes to identify threats that pose danger to the stability and safety of a nations’ stability as well as provide a system that would allow aid in an attempt to suppress a terrorist attack.

Slovakia GA Policy Statement

Good evening Honorable Chair and our highly esteemed, fellow delegates. The Slovak Republic is honored to be in attendance this evening at the 2011 Model United Nations General Assembly.

The European Union has been in a state of economic decline for several years. Countries such as Portugal, Greece, and Spain have suffered from high unemployment rates, inflation, and in some areas, public outbursts have taken place in the form of violent riots. However, despite these conditions, many other nations have begun to gradually emerge from this world-wide recession, including Slovakia. Using our recent experiences in this new global economy, Slovakia hopes to aid less fortunate countries in their endeavors to regain stability. We hope to do this by acting as a model for countries coming out of recession, by helping increase their global trade, much like Slovakia did with it's economy.

In this current time, more and more countries are revolting against their previous regimes, such as Libya and Egypt. Slovakia believes it is imperative that there be set of international standards for allowing the new blossoming government to grow. Slovakia suggests a branch of the UN be created to assist the new nation's growth and development. This branch will do things such as helping give minor funds to the countries, as well as acting as an intermediate step between relations with other countries.

The UN currently does not have a blanket definition for private military firms, however, it does have one for mercenaries, the individuals that make up a private military firms, from the United Nations Mercenary Convention established in 1989. Slovakia believes it would be very simple to change the wording of the definition of mercenary defined in this convention, as mercenaries and private military firm are similar in the way that they function and operate.

Terrorism is becoming increasingly pertinent in many countries worldwide. Though Slovakia is not directly affected by the threat of terrorism, it understands that terrorism is a very serious threat to many countries, especially the newly developing countries from the revolutions, like the ones mentioned in the second topic. Even though this topic is of a great importance, the United Nations still doesn't have a proper definition for it. This will not do for a topic of such magnitude. Slovakia believes that this can be solved by looking at international incidents that are widely considered terrorist attacks, such as the attack on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001 in America. Also, examining other nations definitions for terrorism, and using these to make a compromise between all nations, Slovakia believes this topic could be resolved very easily.

We hope that it will be a fortuitous event for all present, and that it will be productive in solving the topics that have been brought to hand.

The Republic of Iraq, General Assembly, Policy Statement

Greetings Esteemed Chair, fellow delegates of these United Nations. The Republic of Iraq would like to welcome all of you to this session of the General Assembly. We are honored to participate in this years conference and hope that as a general assembly, we can all reach agreements comprehensively and without preconceived notions.

While acknowledging the deteriorating state of the economy in the European Union, Iraq does not feel that this topic is pertinent to many of the countries present in the General Assembly. While economic growth and stability is undoubtedly an important matter in the EU, it is more of an internal matter that should not necessarily be address by the United Nations directly. In fact, the EU is currently in the process of discussing the possible implementation of a 5 step plan to stabilize their economy for the future. Recognizing this, Iraq suggests that we adopt the preliminary 5 step plan in hopes to find a conclusive solution to the state of EU. In addition to the adoption of a 5 step plan, Iraq encourages a resolution that suggests the UN invest in trade and production with foreign countries which in turn would stabilize their economy as well as boost others.

Regarding the topic private military firms, while the UN currently does not have a definition for it, Iraq suggests that the UN adapt the definition of mercenaries from the United Nations Mercenary Convention in 1989. Private military firms are far too secretive to have such great leniency regarding which countries they invade. Iraq would gladly like to see a resolution that enforces more regulations against military firms. Our country would suggest that a resolution be drawn that includes placing limits on military firms and gives the country in question more freedom in their decisions regarding the allowance of military firms entering a country.

Within the subject of Post-Revolutionary Government Stabilization, Iraq would like to proclaim its opposition to the further development of these projects unless they are completely necessary to the future of a struggling nation. As this is relevant to the current conditions of the Iraqi people, Iraq would like to stress that the governmental assistance our nation has received in the past eight years has been detrimental to the well being of Iraqi civilians. Post-Revolutionary Government Stabilization should only be put into effect after the nation in need has volunteered for such services. It is unfair to impose such a burden as foreign occupation upon a nation that has not accepted the entire scope of the impact of such projects. Iraq is opposed to the pretense that a nation should have the right to involuntarily occupy another nation in order to establish a new government. Our country wishes to make it that such stabilization projects only be implemented in situations of dire need and that the projects be outlined thoroughly and specifically.

The state of Iraq recognizes the challenges and issues caused by terrorism in the global community; however, Iraq feels that there are many more impeding problems that should take precedence during this assembly. Terrorism is a growing problem in the world, but at this point in time the subject is not of grave importance and this assembly would be wise to focus all efforts and resources on more dire issues that are affecting the world today.

Once again, the Republic of Iraq would like to express its gratitude in attending this conference. At the conclusion of this session we hope to leave with new and efficient policies that will support the Republic of Iraq and all other countries.

Afghanistan GA Policy Statement

Afghanistan

The nation of Afghanistan is proud and honored to be present at this year’s United Nations and wishes that this will be a productive year in which our goals can be met with enthusiasm. Afghanistan joined the UN in 1946, and has been an enthusiastic supporter for 65 years, we hope to make this year as productive as years before.

On the issue of the economic growth and stability of the Euro-Zone and its inhabitants the nation of Afghanistan wishes for stability in order to promote a more cohesive society. However, the need for resources in our nation leads us to wish that the European-Union would use some of their current economic resources to aid in other recovery efforts in the international community. It is our hope that the growth and recovery of the euro will be rapid in order to promote international economic stability.

On the issue of the guidelines a country might possess for post-revolutionary nation stabilization we have special interests due to the major revolutions that have occurred both inside and near the borders of our nation. Due to the disturbance that revolts in our neighboring nations such as Libya and Egypt has caused to the international community and the Middle East we believe that a nation must have political stability immediately following any revolt in order to prevent chaos and instability in a nation and its neighbors. We believe the solution to this problem is to assist the post-revolutionary nations with military aid, in order to prevent any post-revolution combat that may occur. We believe that this is the most effective way to help promote peace and stability in these nations.

On the issue of military contractors and appropriate engagement in conflicts: regulation, limitation, declarations our nation believes that the international community has an obligation to be careful how and when they engage in military conflict. Military contractors, such as Black Water, are of crucial significance to our nation due to their constant presence in and around our nation. As a nation, we strongly discourage the use of private military contractors in dangerous combat situations. That being said, we believe that the cooperation and support of the international community is crucial in order to successfully combat issues of global importance, such as terrorism.

On the issue of terrorism and how the international community has responded we believe that terrorism is the number one threat to the international community, something that threatens the stability and security in every nation across the world. Terrorism has become a constant obstacle for our nation and we believe that the only way to effectively combat terrorism is with the cooperation and support of the international community. The response to acts of terrorism must always be decisive. As a nation we believe that the use of force is appropriate in combating terrorism. That being said, we believe that the most effective way to combat terrorism is to help the nation that has terrorists by assisting in the training and funding the nation’s military. We believe that this is much more effective method than simply imposing ones military on a nation. It is crucial to regard the sovereignty of the nation where the terrorism is occurring before any decisions are made in regards to preserving and maintaining the nation, and military combat involvement by other nations should be kept to a minimum.

The nation of Afghanistan is thoroughly looking forward to successfully cooperating with the nations assembled here today, and we wish that we could reach an agreement, which is beneficial for us all.

United States of America, Security Council, Position Statement

     Madame/Mr. Chair, Fellow Delegates, and distinguished guests:

     The United States of America holds great honor in being able to participate in todays conference. As a long standing member of the organization we are assembled within here, the United States holds the United Nations as an esteemed international forum that promotes conversation, debate, collaboration, and progress throughout the international community. In the next few days of deliberation, we look forward to making great progress on the issues presented to us in this Security Council. 

     Concerning the first issue we face today, that of nuclear non-proliferation, coupled with regulation of energy and uranium mining and enriching, the United States takes a strong stance. As the only nation to have used a nuclear warhead thus far, and as a global non-proliferation advocacy leader, our nation feels that debate and agreement on this topic is essential to global security. We feel that the spread of nuclear weaponry across the globe is unnecessary and detrimental to humanity. As the president of our nation, Barrack Obama, states, "the greatest threat to U.S. and global security is... nuclear terrorism by violent extremists and nuclear proliferation to an increasing number of states”¹. President Obama clarifies that, “for the first time, preventing nuclear proliferation and nuclear terrorism is now at the top of America’s nuclear agenda”¹. Our new focus on non-proliferation highlights the importance of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, which will undoubtedly be a focal point of debate during this conference. The United States continues to pledge it’s full support to the NPT, and we believe the treaty is of utmost importance in the battle to secure the globe. In his statement on our Nuclear Posture Review, president Obama asserts, “we are further emphasizing the importance of nations meeting their NPT and nuclear non-proliferation obligations through our declaratory policy”¹. Our nation has recently declared that it will not use or threaten to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear weapons states that are party to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and in compliance with their nuclear nonproliferation obligations¹.

     

     Regarding specific nations, our Nuclear Posture Review Report of April, 2010, asserts that the United States is seeking to reverse the nuclear ambitions of North Korea and Iran, and that we have demonstrated that we are prepared to engage multilaterally with these states to arrive at negotiated solutions that provide for their integration with the international community, while verifiably confirming they are not pursuing nuclear weapons capabilities². By isolating those nations who pursue nuclear weapon capability, we are ensuring that they recognize that said pursuit will not make them more secure. As you can see, the United States is committed and assertive when it comes to non-proliferation. 

     When debating about Nuclear non-proliferation, there are some key factors we must consider: global energy regulations and the regulation of uranium mining and enrichment. As a nation who has begun the quest for non-dependence on oil, The United States feels that nuclear energy is an appropriate and useful energy source that will allow the globe to transition to alternative energy sources. We do, however, see a few problems with the use of nuclear energy throughout the globe. A select few nations in the international community have recently sparked concern from the United States and our allies regarding their enrichment of uranium for the alleged use of peaceful energy creation. A prime example of this, one that the international community hears about constantly, is Iran. Iran has consistently assured us that their nuclear program, which their government has been very secretive about, is solely aimed at creating nuclear energy to provide electricity to their nation. Unfortunately, Iran also consistently denies the international community access to it’s nuclear program, which births suspicion. The International Atomic Energy Agency, after a rare allowance of visit to Iran, recently reported that Iran has begun enriching uranium to around twenty percent, which is a frightening amount more than the three and a half percent required to fuel nuclear power plants and create electricity³. The New York Times reports that Iran recently announced that it will move its production of highly enriched uranium to a heavily defended military site³. The IAEA asserts that due to Tehran’s selective cooperation with the agency, many questions remain to be answered, and it cannot assure the international community that Iran’s nuclear program is peaceful³. 

     It is instances like Iran that make the United States very concerned regarding energy regulation and uranium enrichment and mining. Therefore, we promote debate on this issue, and hope that the nations assembled here today can come to an agreement regarding how the international community can and will deal with dangerous enrichment of uranium. The United States does propose that we take a strong stance against nuclear proliferation and dangerous and unnecessary uranium enrichment, and hopes that we can pass a resolution that puts heavy limitations on uranium enrichment in order to promote global safety. 

1. 

Lee, Jesse. "Fulfilling a Promise from Prague." The White House. 6 Apr. 2011. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. <http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2010/04/06/fulfilling-a-promise-prague>.

2.

United States. Department of Defense. Nuclear Posture Review Report. Apr. 2010. Web. 28 Oct. 2011.

3.

"Tehran's Ambitions." New York Times. 16 Sept. 2011. Web. 30 Oct. 2011.

     
     The United States holds a strong stance on international arms trafficking. In July of 2011 the United States of America created the Strategy to Combat Transnational Organized Crime.  It is designed to target transnational organized crime, and explains, “This strategy is organized around a single, unifying principle: to build, balance, and integrate the tools of American power to combat transnational organized crime and related threats to our national security and to urge our partners to do the same” ².

     Transnational organized crime refers to those self-perpetuating associations of individuals who operate internationally for the purpose of obtaining power, influence, monetary and/or commercial gains, wholly or in part by illegal means. The crimes they commit also vary.² The U.S. realizes that transnational organized crime, as well as illegal arms trafficking as a significant threat to the modern world¹. “While this Strategy is intended to assist the United States Government in combating transnational crime, it also serves as an invitation for enhanced international cooperation. We encourage our partners and allies to echo the commitment we have made here and join in building a new framework for international cooperation to protect all our citizens from the violence, harm, and exploitation wrought by transnational organized crime.”² 

     The Strategy to Combat Transnational Organized Crime has 5 major parts.²

1. Protect Americans and our partners from the harm, violence, and exploitation of transnational criminal networks.
2. Help partner countries strengthen governance and transparency, break the corruptive power of transnational criminal networks, and sever state-crime alliances.
3. Break the economic power of transnational criminal networks and protect strategic markets and the U.S. financial system from TOC penetration and abuse.
4. Defeat transnational criminal networks that pose the greatest threat to national security, by targeting their infrastructures, depriving them of their enabling means, and preventing the criminal facilitation of terrorist activities
5. Build international consensus, multilateral cooperation, and public-private partnerships to defeat transnational organized crime.

     The United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (UNTOC), its three supplementary protocols against trafficking in persons, migrant smuggling, and illicit trafficking in firearms, and the United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC). The United States strongly supports the framework provided by these instruments, especially with regard to prosecuting and investigating transnational crime and corruption, engaging in mutual legal assistance, and supplementing bilateral extradition treaties.²

     The U.S. is already taking steps in combating illegal arms trafficking.  We propose that other countries adopt the Strategy to Combat Transnational Organized Crime.  It focuses only on illegal arms trade, but other similar issues.

1. 

Kerlikowske, Gil R. "Drug Trafficking and Organized Crime: Converging Threats in the 21st Century." The White House. 25 July 2011. Web. 30 Oct. 2011. http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2011/07/25/drug-trafficking-and-organized-crime-converging-threats-21st-century   

2. 

United States. Executive Office of the President. Strategy to Combat Transnational Organized Crime Addressing Converging Threats to National Security. Washington, D.C.: Executive Office of the President, 2011. Print. http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/Strategy_to_Combat_Transnational_Organized_Crime_July_2011.pdf

     The United States has long been a global leader in the fight against terrorism, and having been the victim of a devastating terrorist attack by the terrorist group al Qaeda on September 11, 2001, we feel very strongly the third topic we will discuss during this conference, which is terrorism, how to define it, and how nations ought to react to it. 

     Terrorism is one of the most universal and dangerous threats the international community faces today. As we have witnessed through recent events in India, Afghanistan, Moscow, and even in the United States, the global community has yet to adequately address the threat of terrorism, and the United States hopes to lay some major groundwork for this battle at this conference. Today, we face the challenge of defining terrorism and determining appropriate reactions from the global community. The U.S. State Department provides an explanation of a terrorist organization by example of the Al Qaeda networks, stating, “The network has many of the characteristics of a ‘globalized insurgency’, and employs subversion, sabotage, open warfare and, of course, terrorism. It seeks weapons of mass destruction or other means to inflict massive damage on the broader international system”¹. We feel that this is a great start to a globally accepted definition to terrorism, and hope that these types of examples can be refined to suit the international community. 

     Concerning how nations react to terrorist attacks and plots, the United States feels that the international community must be firm in their anti-terrorism policies, and plots and attacks must not go overlooked under any circumstances. 

1.

"The Terrorist Enemy." U.S. Department of State. Web. 31 Oct. 2011. <http://www.state.gov/s/ct/enemy/index.htm>.

     The United States Delegation is honored to be present, and looks forward to this conference. We hope this congregation will hold valuable, productive debate and aim to add as much to the conversation as we have to offer.